In the modern view, the series 1- 2x+ 3x2- 4x3+… does not define a function at x= 1, so that value cannot simply be substituted into the resulting expression.
Although in standard presentation the alternating harmonic series converges to ln(2), its terms can be arranged to converge to any number, or even to diverge.
X的指数,用eX或exp(X)来表示,是由以下幂级数所给出的n×n矩阵:eX=∑k=0∞1k!
The exponential of X, denoted by eX or exp(X), is the n×n matrix given by the power series e X=∑ k= 0∞ 1 k!
To check whether the series converges towards f( x){\displaystyle f(x)}, one normally uses estimates for the remainder term of Taylor's theorem.
艾萨克·牛顿用无穷级数计算π到15位数字,后来写作“我很惭愧地告诉你多少数字我进行这些计算”。
Isaac Newton used infinite series to compute to 15 digits, later writing"I am ashamed to tell you to how many figures I carried these computations".
柯西最终给出了(收敛)级数的和的严格定义,从这过后的一段时间,发散级数基本被排除在数学之外了。
Augustin-Louis Cauchy eventually gave a rigorous definition of the sum of a(convergent) series, and for some time after this, divergent series were mostly excluded from mathematics.
(Claims by United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP) staff member for review of step level upon promotion, and for compensation for financial losses resulting from late payment of entitlements).
例如,要得到ƒ(0.1)=sin(0.1)的前5位有效数字,只需要计算级数的前两项。
For example, if we want to calculate f(0.1)= sin(0.1) accurate up to five decimal places, we only need the first two terms of the series.
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