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Lisp语言)
Lisp语言因其可用性和符号结构而主要用于机器学习/ILP子领域。
The Lisp language is mostly used in the Machine Learning field because of its usability and symbolic structure.在Lisp语言中,表头叫作car,而尾部则称为cdr(音“cudder”)。
In Lisp the first element of a list is called the car, the rest of the list is called the cdr(pronounced"cudder".Lisp语言的强大使它在其它方面诸如编写编辑命令和集成环境等显示其优势。
The great power of the Lisp language makes it superior for other purposes as well, such as writing editor commands and integrated environments.我仍然记得当我第一次阅读ESR的著名的关于学习Lisp语言的论文时的困惑。
I still remember how confused I was when I first read ESR's famous essay about learning Lisp.天才的程序员使用Lisp语言,也许是Lisp适合他们。
There are genius programmers who write Lisp, and Lisp may suit them well.所以,从那个时候开始,Lisp语言就基本上是它现在的样子了….
So at that point Lisp had essentially the form that it has today.FranzInc.发布了LLGPL协议,增加了序言部分以澄清LISP语言中的上下文问题。
Franz Inc. published its own preamble to the license to clarify terminology in the Lisp context.他还发明了LISP语言,这目前已经成为人工智能研究和设计领域的标准工具。
He also invented the List Processing Language(LISP), which has become the standard tool for AI research and design.如果你想真正地理解Lisp语言,或者想拓宽你的编程视野,那么你必须学习宏。
If you want to really understand Lisp, or just expand your programming horizons, I would learn more about macros.可能会有这样一个结论:如果你会用Lisp语言,你就会拥有超人的编程能力。
One conclusion would be that if you write Lisp, you too will have super-human programming ability.Lisp语言最早是在20世纪50年代末由麻省理工学院(MIT)为研究人工智能而开发的。
Lisp(LISt Processing language) was first developed in the late 1950s at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for research in artificial intelligence.Clojure和其它所有的Lisp语言一样,函数的最后一个表达式产生的值会被当作返回值返回。
In languages like LISP and Mathematica, the value of the last statement executed is automatically returned.特别是受到Lisp语言的启发,Smalltalk是一种面向对象、自反性和动态类型的编程语言,发明于1972年。
Inspired in particular by the Lisp language, Smalltalk is an object-oriented, reflexive and dynamically typed programming language that was invented in 1972.这就是为什么很多早期的Lisp语言,比如EmacsLisp,都使用dynamicscoping。
That is one of the reasons why some of the earlier programming languages such as Lisp used dynamic scope.可以说到目前为止只有两种真正干净利落,始终如一的编程模式:C语言模式和Lisp语言模式。
It seems to me that there have been two really clean, consistent models of programming so far: the C model and the Lisp model.Lisp语言刚出现的时候,这些思想与其他编程语言大相径庭,后者的设计思想主要由50年代后期的硬件决定。
When Lisp first appeared, these ideas were far removed from ordinary programming practice, which was dictated largely by the hardware available in the late 1950s.皮特·诺维格发现,总共23种设计模式之中,有16种在Lisp语言中“本身就提供,或者被大大简化”。
Peter Norvig found that 16 of the 23 patterns in Design Patterns were"invisible or simpler" in Lisp.这个就是为什么我们把括号中的LISP语言表达,因为我们要发送的整个表达式/形式向求值作为参数的原因。
This is the reason why we put the LISP expression in parenthesis, because we are sending the entire expression/form to the evaluator as argument.CommonLisp,通常缩写为CL,是由ANSI标准化的Lisp语言规范。
Common Lisp, often abbreviated CL, is a specification of the Lisp language standardized by ANSI.解释器本身是用CommonLisp编写,并且可以加载到任何CommonLisp语言发行版中。
The interpreter itself is written in Common Lisp, and might be loaded into any of the Common Lisp language distributions.
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