The relative level of the natural rate of interest and real short-term interest rates is important for assessing the degree of monetary easing, while the Taylor rule is an attempt to directly measure the desirable short-term policy interest rate.
This supports the increasing use by central banks in the region of short-term policy interest rates as major operational targets in open market operations-- shifting away from the traditional tool of controlling aggregate credit volume and the frequent use of reserve requirements.
Adverse effects of the negative short-term policy interest rate With regard to the adverse effects of guiding the short-term policy interest rate in negative territory, there is a risk that the financial intermediation function would be impaired through a deterioration in financial institutions' profits.
Under this framework, Japan's yield curve during this one year has been formed smoothly in a manner consistent with the guideline for market operations, in which the short-term policy interest rate is set at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of the 10-year JGB yields at around zero percent.
Yield curve control is a policy under which the Bank aims to keep short- and long-term interest rates stably at low levels. Namely, in the guideline for market operations, the Bank sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of 10-year Japanese government bond(JGB) yields at around 0 percent, and conducts JGB purchases so as to achieve this target level.
As has been made clear already, there are various possible measures for additional easing such as cutting the short-term policy interest rate, lowering the target level of 10-year JGB yields, expanding asset purchases, and accelerating the expansion of the monetary base.
In terms of yield curve control, with a view to facilitating the formation of the yield curve that is considered most appropriate for achieving 2 percent inflation, the Bank has purchased Japanese government bonds(JGBs) under the guideline for market operations, in which it sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of 10-year JGB yields at around zero percent.
In terms of yield curve control, with a view to facilitating the formation of the yield curve that is considered most appropriate for achieving the price stability target of 2 percent, the Bank has conducted purchases of Japanese government bonds(JGBs) under the guideline for market operations, in which it sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of 10-year JGB yields at around zero percent.
Second, since the adoption of their inflation-targeting frameworks, these countries have regarded short-term policy interest rates as their major operational tool for monetary policy and these policy rates tended to be frequently adjusted to price developments.
Specifically, the Bank sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of the 10-year Japanese government bond(JGB) yields at around 0 percent, conducting JGB purchases so as to achieve this target level.
At the MPM held on November 1, the Bank decided to maintain the guideline for market operations in which the short-term policy interest rate is set at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of 10-year JGB yields is set at around zero percent.
At present, the Bank sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of the 10-year Japanese government bond(JGB) yields at around 0 percent, conducting JGB purchases so as to achieve this target level.
At the Monetary Policy Meeting(MPM) held at end-April, it decided to maintain the guideline for market operations, in which the short-term policy interest rate is set at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of 10-year Japanese government bond(JGB) yields is around zero percent.
At present, in the guideline for market operations, the Bank sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of the 10-year Japanese government bond(JGB) yields at around 0 percent, conducting JGB purchases so as to achieve this target level.
At the MPM held at the end of last month, the Bank maintained the guideline for market operations, in which the short-term policy interest rate is set at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of the 10-year Japanese government bond(JGB) yields at around zero percent.
Specifically, in the guideline for market operations, the Bank sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and decides to purchase Japanese government bonds(JGBs) so that 10-year JGB yields will remain at around zero percent Chart 9.
Bearing in mind the current yield curve, which has flattened, I think that it is appropriate to conduct yield curve control so that its shape becomes more accommodative by setting a greater negative value for the short-term policy interest rate.
Under conventional monetary policy, determining one optimal short-term policy interest rate-- the uncollateralized overnight call rate, for example-- was sufficient in conducting monetary policy. However, under the current framework, we naturally must extend the scope to the entire yield curve.
Specifically, in the guideline for market operations, the Bank sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of the 10-year JGB yields at around zero percent, and the observed yield curve has been formed smoothly in a manner consistent with this guideline.
Specifically, at present, in the guideline for market operations, the Bank sets the short-term policy interest rate at minus 0.1 percent and the target level of the 10-year Japanese government bond(JGB) yields at around 0 percent, conducting JGB purchases so as to achieve this target level.
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