Taking into account that alternatives to the use of PFOS for paper and packaging are becoming increasingly available, encourage parties to stop using PFOS for those applications;
Taking into account that alternatives to the use of PFOS for coatings and coating additives are becoming increasingly available, encourage parties to stop using PFOS for those applications.
值得注意的是在北极熊肝脏里测量到的全氟辛烷磺酸的浓度超过了所有其他已知的各种有机卤素的浓度。
It is notable that the concentrations of PFOS found in livers of Arctic polar bears exceed the concentrations of all other known individual organohalogensMartin et al..
In a study by Martin et al(2004a), the levels of PFOS were measured in liver samples from biota in the Canadian Arctic and were found in the vast majority of the species examined.
The results showed highly elevated levels of PFOS in a wetland in the vicinity of a fire drill area with a declining gradient out in the adjacent bay(2.2- 0.2ug/L).
In addition, levels of PFOS in the blood serum of populations living in the neighbourhood of industrial plants were found to be higher compared to the general population(UNEP/FAO/RC/CRC.7/7).
Intermediate transfer belts of colour copiers and printers contain up to 100 ppm of PFOS, while an additive used in producing PFA(perfluoroalkoxy) rollers contains 8 x 10-4 ppm PFOS..
考虑请委员会进一步确认并评估用于某些彩色打印机和彩色复印机的电气和电子配件的全氟辛烷磺酸替代品;.
Consider requesting the Committee to further identify and assess alternatives to the use of PFOS for electric and electronic parts for some colour printers and colour copy machines;
In this study, a preliminary screening of PFOS and related compounds has been performed in liver samples of fish, birds and marine mammals from Greenland and the Faroe Islands.
The United States in 2006 estimated total use in that country to be less than 8 tonnes a year, and Ireland reported import and use of 10 kilograms of PFOS during 2006.
The information received can be found in the report for the evaluation of information on PFOS, its salts and PFOSF prepared by the Secretariat set out in document UNEP/POPS/COP.7/INF/11.
Both the guidance and the technical paper were developed on the basis of information about alternatives to PFOS, its salts and PFOSF provided by parties and observers.
Fact sheets on selected chemical alternatives to PFOS, its salts and PFOSF, which were subjected to detailed assessment, are set out in document UNEP/POPS/POPRC.10/INF/8.
This would imply that the reduction in release of PFOS related substances is equal to 20 years of releases(50 kilogram per year), i.e. a total of 1000 kilogram.
There are no current alternatives to PFOS substances currently being used in aircraft systems and there is no information on costs or environmental/human health attributes of alternatives.
A longitudinal analysis did not reveal any statistically significant associations over time between PFOS exposure and cholesterol, triglycerides and other lipid and hepatic parameters.
NGLF considers the performance of those alternatives to be insufficient, however, and is developing better alternatives to PFOS and alternative technologies to solve the problem of airborne loss of hexavalent chromium from baths.
The industry is also evaluating one additional specialized application for which PFOS use may have no current substitute-- use in liquid etchant in the photo mask rendering process.
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