车轨越来越暗,直到它被另一条小溪完全冲走,黑暗,湍 流的,而且快速。 The cart-track grew fainter and fainter, until it was washed out altogether by another little stream, dark, turbulent , and rapid. 一旦我克服了最初的创伤,找到了立足点,湍 流过去了,从那以后我有幸顺利航行。 Once I got past the initial trauma and found my footing, the turbulence passed and I have been lucky enough to have smooth sailing ever since. 这种效果是由于光的扭曲,它穿过湍 流气体到达地球的表面。 This effect is due to the distortion of light as it travels through turbulent gases to reach the Earth's surface. FT公司新近设计安装了一套新款全自动风洞,最高气流速度可高达80m/s以上,且湍 流极低。 We have recently designed an installed a new, fully-automated wind tunnel with a maximum flow speed of over 80m/s and very low turbulence . 有什么东西在不断地推动它向外运动--或是粒子沿着螺旋路径释放的能量,或是等离子体湍 流风的消散。 Something keeps driving it outward- perhaps the energy emitted by particles following spiral paths or the dissipation of turbulent gusts of plasma.
At the same time, due to the smooth surface, the turbulence is high and it is not easy to scale. 目标是要确定是否放置在机柜内的设备,将产生多少湍 流流动。 The objective is to determine if with the equipment placed inside the cabinet, how much turbulent flow would be generated. 因为罗茨风机用离散脉冲泵空气(与螺杆压缩机不同),脉动噪声和湍 流可以在下游传输。 Because a Roots type blower pumps air in discrete pulses(unlike a screw compressor), pulsation noise and turbulence may be transmitted downstream. 年,我受聘于斯坦福大学开发一个推进项目,我开始研究湍 流和燃烧。 I was hired at Stanford to develop a program in propulsion in 1978 and I started my research around turbulent flow and combustion. 然而,这是一个相对较慢的过程,特别是当河水停滞不流动(流动会产生湍 流,这可以搅入更多的氧气)的时候。 However this is a relatively slow process, especially if the water is stagnant(flowing creates turbulence and mixes in more oxygen). 空间和天体物理环境中的自然发生的等离子体被磁场穿过,并存在于湍 流状态,”Loureiro说。 Naturally occurring plasmas in space and astrophysical environments are threaded by magnetic fields and exist in a turbulent state," Loureiro says. 在低流速下可以获得湍 流,然后可以实现高的热传递系数。 A high degree of turbulence can be obtained at low flow rates and high heat transfer coefficient can then be achieved. 回到巴厘岛的那个航班:当湍 流来袭时,我就在我的威胁系统中。 Going back to that flight from Bali: when the turbulence hit, I was in my threat system. 从另一方面物种栖息只有湍 急的第三清澈的河流到七阶。 From the other hand the species inhabits only fast flowing clean rivers of third to seven order. 飞机配备了雷达以检测恶劣天气或其他湍 流源,但不断从地面获取新信息。 Aircraft are fitted with radar to detect bad weather or other sources of turbulence , but they take note of constant updates from the ground. However, a big issue--the heating expected from turbulence is not the heating observed. 而冷却是能驱动湍 流形成云层的,所以这种效应可能会阻碍云的形成,进而加剧变暖。 Because such cooling drives the turbulence that forms clouds, the effect could impede cloud formation, fueling further warming. 飞机配备了雷达以检测恶劣天气或其他湍 流源,但不断从地面获取新信息。 Airplanes are equipped with radar to detect bad weather or other sources of turbulence , but are constantly getting new information from the ground. 河流是这么湍 急,和我一起向远方游去,那跟随着我而来的别人,我与他们之间的联系,. The current rushing so swiftly, and swimming with me far away;The others that are to follow me, the ties between me and them;这一概念于1941年由A·N·科尔莫戈罗夫在数学上正式确定下来,被称为“湍 流级串模型”。 This concept was mathematically formalised in 1941 by A.N. Kolmogorov, and is known as the“cascade model of turbulence ”.
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