Examples of using 自由电子 in Chinese and their translations into English
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与此同时，X射线自由电子激光装置也在如火如荼地建设中。
In addition, a powerful X-ray free electron laser is under construction.自由电子激光器发明于1976年，发明者为斯坦福大学的JohnMadey。
Free-electron lasers were invented by John Madey in 1976 at Stanford University.自由电子激光(FEL)以极高真空中的高速自由电子为主动介质。
Free electron laser(FEL) uses high-speed Elettra专注于生成高质量的同步加速器和自由电子激光电磁辐射，并将其应用于材料科学。
Elettra is specialized in generating high quality synchrotron and free-electron laser electromagnetic radiation and applying it in materials science.自由电子和超氧化物也会引发连锁反应，形成其他活性自由基。
The free electrons and superoxides also trigger chain reactions forming other reactive 此外，该项目也征集能将自由电子激光、高级显微镜等现有研究技术最大化利用的研究计划。
The program also calls for research projects that maximize the utility of existing experimental technologies such as free electron lasers and advanced microscopy.X射线自由电子激光器具有一定的最大频率，在该频率下它们可以发射辐射脉冲。
X-ray free-electron lasers are known to have a specific maximum frequency at which they can produce radiation pulses.重要的是，该分子结构上的两个点是自由电子，这正是该分子结构难以制造的原因所在。
Crucially, the two dots in the structure are free electrons, and that's what has made the structure so difficult to construct.当有一个自由电子的产生，必然会有一个空穴产生，所以自由电子与空穴对是同生同灭。
When there is a free electron, there is bound to be a hole, so the free electron and the hole pair are the same.X射线自由电子激光器具有一定的最大频率，在该频率下它们可以发射辐射脉冲。
X-ray free-electron lasers have a certain maximum frequency at which they can emit radiation pulses.当一块金属面积很大时，自由电子会反射击中它们的光线，使材料发光。
When a piece of metal is large, the free electrons reflect the light that hits them, giving the material its shine.于是，N型半导体就成为了含电子浓度较高的半导体，其导电性主要是因为自由电子导电。
Thus, the N-type semiconductor becomes a semiconductor having a high 自由电子激光器在任何波长时吸收和释放能量，因为电子是从原子中释放出来的。
Free-electron lasers absorb and release energy at any wavelength, because the electrons are freed from atoms.因此，大多数这类电子会成为自由电子，这样，我们就得到了比纯硅中多得多的自由载流子。
Therefore, most of these electronics will become free electrons, so we get a lot more than that of pure silicon in the 杰斐逊实验室拥有世界上功率最大的可调谐自由电子激光器，输出功率超过14千瓦。
JLab houses the world's most powerful tunable free electron laser, with an output of over 14 kilowatts.下一阶段将是“以光速和超音速作战”,这就是自由电子激光和海军的8马赫电磁轨道炮。
The next level:"fighting at the speed of light and hypersonics"-- that is, the free-electron laser and the Navy's Mach-8 electromagnetic rail gun.由于这种效应，离子和自由电子加速并沿相反方向移动。
Due to this effect, the ions and free electrons get accelerated and moved in the opposite direction.N型半导体就成为了含电子浓度较高的半导体，其导电性主要是因为自由电子导电。
Thus, the N-type semiconductor becomes a semiconductor having a high Ionosphere--电离层--覆盖于地球大气层的最高层，包含相当数量的离子和自由电子。
Ionosphere--a region covering the highest layers in the Earth's atmosphere, containing an appreciable population of ions and free electrons.对实验条件进一步优化后，我们甚至可以驱动X射线自由电子激光器--目前可用的最亮X射线源。
He believes that with further refinement they could even drive an X-ray free electron laser, the brightest X-ray source currently available to science.
