Examples of using Gcms in English and their translations into German
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sensible heat flux and 80 W m-2 for the latent heat flux in 16 different GCMs.
GCMs incorporate everything we know about the climate system in terms of physical laws
what should one expect from current GCMs for a scenario with an increased CO2 forcing?
where excessive interannual variability in the GCMs' predictions of snow and sea ice coverage is noted.
The recognition of climatic change as responses of a non-linear dynamical system imposes the strong requirement that GCMs must accurately simulate natural circulation regimes
For example, new climate drifts appear in atmospheric GCMs with explicit treatment of land variables such as soil moisture
Others, such as Senior(1999), have emphasized the importance of including parameterizations of interactive cloud radiative properties in GCMs and called for a common diagnostic output such as the water path length within the cloud in control(unforced) experiments.
The performance of GCMs at simulating present climate can be tested with reference to such information,
reports the recognition that all GCMs suffer from the'general coldness problem',
volcanic eruptions) and the GCMs' underestimation of El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) variability, that could be responsible for the systematic discrepancy between observed and GCM-predicted interannual temperature variability.
Such an important caveat may give a better sense of urgency if one recalls that most current GCMs treat the effects of anthropogenic sulphate aerosols by merely rescaling surface albedo according to a precalculated sulphur loading Räisänen 1999,
Here, Zorita& González-Rouco(2000) found, using results from 2 different GCMs and a total of 6 simulations with different initial conditions,
since different GCMs give contrasting roles to individual atmospheric
Held& Soden called for a clearer recognition of GCMs'proficiency in calculating the water vapor feedback(which diagnoses model ability to simulate the residual between evaporation
Depicts the good agreement between observations and the GCMs' simulations of atmospheric water vapor content,
because systematic biases in outgoing longwave radiation of as large as 10 to 20 W m-2 are not uncommon in coupled ocean-atmosphere GCMs.
Soden(2000) has documented a problem in the current generation of GCMs that stems from the inability of some 30 different atmospheric GCMs in the Atmospheric Modeling Intercomparison Project(AMIP) to reproduce faithfully interannual changes in precipitation over the tropics 30° N to 30° S.
Analytics with gas chromatography linked with mass spectrometry GCMS.
Soden(2000) on water vapor feedback in GCMs.
Senior CA(1999) Comparison of cloud-climate mechanisms in GCMs.