They attract each other by exchanging particles called photons, which are quanta of light that carry the electromagnetic force, one of the fundamental forces of the Standard Model.
There are corresponding neutrinos in each generation. flavour mixing: In the framwork of the starndard model, the lepton number(flavor) is convserved in any reaction.
It is known that, in the framework of the Standard Model, the quarks and leptons acquire their masses through the spontaneous breaking of the symmetry of the electromagnetic and weak forces.
In the Standard Model gauge symmetry is essential and the mass of all the particles is generated by the spontaneous symmetry breaking, a concept initiated by Nambu Y. Nambu and G. Jona-Lasinio, 1960.
Now there's a theory called super-symmetry, which doubles the number of particles in the standard model, which, at first sight, doesn't sound like a simplification.
The effect of New Physics may appear in rare decays inhibited or suppressed in the standard model, and hence rare decays can be used for an indirect search for the New Physics in TeV region.
In fact, the LHC experiment has been providing many precious data on the studies of the standard model(SM) and physics beyond the SM, and those are being used to test various models of particle physics.
In my own specialty of computational particle physics, for example, we use lattice QCD simulation to study hadron physics and the standard model of elementary particles.
Solar neutrino problem(1968[107]-2001): Solved by a new understanding of neutrino physics, requiring a modification of the Standard Modelof particle physics--specifically, neutrino oscillation.
Something hiding in these neutrino properties may lead us to find"new physics" beyond the Standard Model, which is our current explanation of particle behavior.
Even in theoretical research, the construction of theories that surpass the standard model, such as those using supersymmetry, as well as theories aimed at unifying quantum gravity, for instance superstring theory or M-theory, are advancing alongside mathematical physics.
That huge gap makes a lot of Physicists think that fitting Neutrinos with mass into the current Standard Model, is a little bit like shoving sugar packets under the leg of a wobbling table and saying you fixed it.
The standard model of elementary particles is a fairly well-established theory, but a major task of particle physics today is to verify whether it is really true and look for clues predictive of a theory that would go beyond the standard model.
Then it's on to the periodic table, the four forces of physics, the Standard Model, DNA, cells, our macroscopic world of everyday stuff, all the way out to the solar system and the most distant galaxies.
However, it should be understood that the elementary particles are quantum states of the standard model of particle physics, and hence the quantum numbers of these particles bear the same relation to the Hamiltonian of this model as the quantum numbers of the Bohr atom does to its Hamiltonian.
The researches on particle physics at Nagoya University are rich in tradition since Professor Shoichi Sakata; the remarkable research development, such as the two-meson theory, the Sakata model, and the Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata theory of neutrino oscillation, resulted in the establishment of the current Standard Model of particle physics.
Popular candidates theoretically proposed but yet to be tested experimentally include neutralinos predicted by supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model, sterile neutrinos that only talk to the Standard Model sector through neutrino mixing, and axions that are introduced to solve the strong CP problem.
標準模型の基本粒子。
Fundamental particles of the standard model.
標準模型では必要されている。
It is required by the Standard Model.
標準模型に含まれる17の素粒子。
It is one of the 17 particles in the Standard Model.
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