Another member remarked that, despite the high economic growth, the inflation rate remained extremely low due to an increase in productivity. However, deflationary risks in the United States had subsided because the natural rate of interest was increasing relative to market interest rates..
If the guaranteed return of pension policies did not adequately reflect the anticipated decline in the natural rate of interest due to a decline in the population, the misalignment could spur the search-for-yield which would sow the seeds of a bubble.
In particular, the conventional concept of a natural rate of interest and"monetary policy rules" are not sufficient, as they focus exclusively on short-term interest rates. Research and discussion should be extended across the entire yield curve.
If inflation expectations rise as a result of the former and nominal long-term interest rates fall as a result of the latter, this will push real interest rates to levels below the natural rate of interest even in the face of the zero lower bound.
One of the reasons likely is that the natural rate of interest had declined more than expected, but it is probably also the case that the commitment at the time was somewhat ambiguous and the target inflation rate was too low, so that the policies were insufficient to raise inflation expectations.
One member stated that, while it was likely that there would be downward pressure on the potential growth rate and the natural rate of interest in Japan coupled with the progress in the declining birthrate and aging population, an improvement in productivity through a further promotion of technological innovation was necessary, and this would enhance monetary easing effects.
In other words, if three capital components-- labor force, facilities, and new technologies-- are combined appropriately, the challenges of a declining birth rate and an aging population and of a decline in labor force participants can be overcome, pushing up Japan's potential growth rate and the natural rate of interest accordingly.
What is needed is to remove, once and for all, the deflationary mindset and raise inflation expectations-- that is, to lower real interest rates-- through decisive monetary easing, and to raise the potential growth rate-- that is, to raise the natural rate of interest-- through a growth strategy and deregulation.
図4.様々な手法による自然利子率。
Figure 4: Natural rate based on various methodologies.
少子高齢化が自然利子率に与える影響。
Theoretical predictions about the effects of population aging on the natural rate.
Japan pushed their natural interest rate to zero with the most contractionary policy for NGDP growth in all of modern history.
新しい論文では自然利子率の推計値について信頼区間や標準偏差を提供していないように思われる。
The newer paper does not appear to provide confidence intervals or standard errors for the estimates of the natural rate.
また、潜在成長率の上昇は自然利子率の上昇につながるため、金融緩和効果が高まると考えられます。
The higher potential growth should also feed into the higher natural rate of interest, which would enhance monetary stimulus.
自然利子率とは、その国の経済において、景気を加速も減速もさせない中立的な金利水準を言います。
Every country has its own natural rate of interest, which is neutral to economic activity in that it will neither accelerate nor decelerate the economy.
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