However, in several randomized, placebo-controlled intervention studies conducted in young girls(58, 59) and postmenopausal women(60), vitamin D supplementation failed to decrease ucOC/OC ratios or show any additive effect on ucOC/OC lowering by supplemental vitamin K.
The new UK study on its own showed that the postmenopausal women who ate most processed meat(more than 9g a day) had a 21% higher risk of breast cancer than those who ate no processed meat.
Our historical experience with HPV and cervical neoplasia in postmenopausal women may not be very predictive of the experience of the baby boomer generation of women who are now entering the menopausal transition at a higher risk than their mothers.
Additionally, a prospective cohort study in Sweden found that postmenopausal women with the highest fiber intakes(averaging about 26 g/day) had a risk of breast cancer that was 40% lower than women with the lowest fiber intakes(averaging about 13 g/day)(110).
A four-year study of 1,179 healthy, postmenopausal women showed that taking calcium, along with nearly three times the U.S. government's recommendation of vitamin D3, showed a dramatic 60 percent or greater reduction in all forms of cancer.
National surveys in the U.S. indicate that the average dietary iron intake is 16- 18 mg/day in men, 12 mg/day in pre- and postmenopausal women, and about 15 mg/day in pregnant women(11).
In this new, investigator-initiated study, the Australian researchers randomly assigned 92 healthy postmenopausal women, ages 55 to 65, who were not receiving estrogen therapy, to receive one of two treatments for 26 weeks.
While further analyses suggested a significant 29% risk reduction in institutionalized elderly people, supplementation did not result in substantial risk reduction in community-dwelling elderly people, postmenopausal women, or women with a history of fracture(30).
Additionally, older people suffering from acute ischemic stroke were found to be deficient for riboflavin(88), and riboflavin deficiency has been linked to a higher risk of fracture in postmenopausal women with the MTHFR 677T variant(89).
The trend of increasing weight gain with lower levels of activity appeared only among women younger than 65 years and among women with BMI lower than 25, and the magnitude of gain was larger in least active premenopausal women than postmenopausal women.
A 2015 meta-analysis of 19 randomized controlled trials concluded that vitamin K2 plays a role in maintaining and improving bone mass density; and reduces the risk of fractures in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
However, in larger placebo-controlled trials, postmenopausal women receiving 80 mg/day of isoflavones for six months or 99 mg/day of isoflavones for one year did not affect performance on a battery of cognitive function tests, including tests for memory, attention, verbal fluency, motor control, and dementia(67, 87).
A study in postmenopausal women on HRT as well as a multivitamin tablet found that an extra 500 mg of magnesium a day and 600 mg of calcium a day produced an increased BMD in the heel compared to postmenopausal women only receiving HRT(34).
A double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention performed in 2009 observed no effect of either phylloquinone(1 mg/day) or MK-4(45 mg/day) supplementation on markers of bone turnover or BMD among healthy, postmenopausal women(N=381) receiving calcium and vitamin D supplements(100).
An early population-based study of postmenopausal women(ages, 60-79 years) observed that the younger women(60-69 years) with aortic calcifications had lower vitamin K intakes than those without aortic calcifications, but this was not true for older women(70-79 years)(82).
More recently, a prospective study in a cohort of more than 185,000 US postmenopausal women found that those with the highest intakes of dietary fiber(median, 26 g/day) had a 13% lower risk of all forms of breast cancer and a 44% lower risk of hormone receptor-negative tumors(ER-/PR-) compared to those with the lowest intakes of dietary fiber(median, 11 g/day)(111).
この病気は閉経後の女性に起こりやすいです。
This disease is more likely to postmenopausal women.
対象集団の95%以上が閉経後の女性であった。
Over 95% of the study populations were postmenopausal women.
また、エストラジオールは男性や閉経後の女性の脂肪組織でも作られる。
It is also produced by the adipose tissue of men and postmenopausal women.
English
中文
عربى
Български
বাংলা
Český
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Suomi
Français
עִברִית
हिंदी
Hrvatski
Magyar
Bahasa indonesia
Italiano
Қазақ
한국어
മലയാളം
मराठी
Bahasa malay
Nederlands
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Slovenský
Slovenski
Српски
Svenska
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Tagalog
Turkce
Українська
اردو
Tiếng việt