英語 での High-temperature plasma の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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In this year's seventeenth cycle plasma experiments, continuing from last year, we will further enhance plasma performance, examine in detail the high-performance plasma that was obtained through experiments, and be able to advance academic clarification regarding the high-temperature plasma necessary for the realization in the future of fusion energy.
CMB is believed to have been present when high-temperature plasma was cooled and neutralized as the Universe was expanding(i.e., about 400,000 years after the beginning of the universe), and thus serves as direct evidence of the Big Bang.
Research Updates/ National Institute for Fusion Science In the future production of fusion energy, together with maintaining high-temperature plasma, from outside we will continue to supply hydrogen isotope(hereafter as hydrogen), which will become fuel, for continuing the fusion reaction.
In a magnetic field confinement device, using a magnetic field container we seek to prevent the high-temperature plasma from directly touching a surrounding wall(below, as"wall"). However, there also are plasma particles that escape from the magnetic field container and strike the wall.
Research Updates/ National Institute for Fusion Science High-temperature plasma, on which research seeking fusion energy in the future advances, does not make direct contact with the vacuum vessel wall because it is maintained while confined in a magnetic field container inside the vacuum vessel.
High-temperature plasma that is confined in the magnetic field lines container does not directly touch the wall of the vessel. However, little by little"impurities" such as iron, which is a material from which the wall was composed, and carbon, which was affixed to the wall, mixes into a plasma. .
High-temperature plasma is confined in a magnetic field container and floats apart from the wall. However, plasma that has leaked from the container moves along the magnetic field lines that were pulled from the container'soutermost surface and is led to the pre-determined place called the"Divertor.
In particular, we conduct computation simulations of collision/radiation processes in recombining plasma(which can be obtained by rapidly cooling down high-temperature plasma), which will be used as media for X-ray lasers, and we are working on studies to clarify the conditions for high-efficiency laser oscillation.
Conversely, of nearly equal importance to confining high-temperature plasma is, by lowering the temperature of heat escaping from the plasma, stretching that heat as equally and broadly as possible across the wall and avoiding heat damage to the wall material.
In order to confine high-temperature plasma, we send a large electrical current through the superconducting coils that have been set near the plasma and generate a powerful magnetic field. In the LHD and in a fusion reactor the methods for sending an electrical current through the coils differ.
Because a typical camera photographs visible light, the image that the human eye sees will become the photograph. And because there is much light irradiated from a high-temperature plasma that is beyond visible light, most light cannot be seen with the human eye.
Because the high-temperature plasma is confined in the magnetic field container it is not touching the vacuum vessel wall. However, the low-temperature plasma that has emerged from the high-temperature plasma region led to the place called the Divertor and terminates there.
Research Updates/ National Institute for Fusion Science Experiment-based research that aims at achieving the future fusion energy is moving forward in the Large Helical Device(LHD). Benefitting from recent, rapid advances in supercomputers, we are working too on integrated simulation research that reproduces computer simulations of the complicated behavior of extreme high-temperature plasma that has been observed in LHD experiments.
The important points of these research results are that they proved that when the stimulus from outside is beyond a certain level, the physical mechanism exists in a high-temperature plasma that excites abrupt and large amplitude fluctuations, and they clarified the conditions necessary for excitation.
For that reason, in ITER tungsten is planned to be used for the divertor board. But because it emits light having entered into the plasma as an impurity, and as light emits energy and cools the plasma, tungsten may be a dangerous presence for the necessary fusion for the high-temperature plasma.
By lowering the temperature of hydrogen gas to the extreme temperature of -260 degrees Celsius and converting the gas to hydrogen ice(solid hydrogen pellet), and injecting a solid hydrogen pellet into a plasma at the extremely high speed of approximately one kilometer per second, which exceeds the speed of sound, the solid hydrogen pellet can supply hydrogen particles to the core part of the high-temperature plasma while melting and flying through the plasma. .
Moreover, the inorganic adhesion method has now been patented as"Cryo-adsorption panel and its manufacturing method, and the vacuum device which uses the method"(patent number 6021276), and because this method is applicable to existing devices, we also anticipate wide-ranging applications in manufacturing equipment and in the industrial world not only for the high-temperature plasma experimental device but also for semi-conductors and liquid crystal displays.
Research Updates/ National Institute for Fusion Science In a magnetic confinement fusion experimental device such as the Large Helical Device(LHD), we confine high-temperature plasma through the strength of the magnetic field. In experimental devices using the inertial confinement method, powerful laser lights from all directions are aimed at a fuel target composed of solid hydrogen, and that solid hydrogen is converted into a high-temperature, high-density plasma state.
In the past, we moved forward with research while concentrating on physical processes that were most strongly related to the character observed in plasma and comparing theoretical calculations that corresponded to the physical processes. However, because physical processes relate in complicated ways in extreme high-temperature plasma, we combined individual computer programs that related to these various physical processes, and we have recently initiated integrated simulation research that reproduces extreme high-temperature plasma in the computer.
In order to achieve fusion energy it is necessary to confine high-temperature plasma.