Examples of using Debromination in English and their translations into Arabic
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Colloquial
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Political
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
The general consensus view of the wider scientific community is now no longer" if" environmentally relevant debromination is happening-debromination pathways in different circumstances are.">
A number of studies have also revealed debromination of BDE-209 in birds or bird eggs(reviewed by Chen and Hale 2010, Park 2009, Van den Steen 2007, Letcher 2014, Holden 2009, Munoz-Arnanz 2011, Mo 2012, Crosse 2012).
The only relevant degradation pathways identified until now are photolysis, anaerobic degradation and metabolism in biota, acting through debromination and producing other BDE which may have higher toxicity and bioaccumulation potential.
Photodegradation and debromination of BDE-209 have also been studied in abiotic material such as dust, plastic and textile exposed to light, and degradation products have been identified from hexa- to nonaBDE(Stapleton and Dodder, 2008, Kajiwara 2008, 2013a, b).
There are also several studies in sediments as well as in soils and plants that indicate debromination of decabromodiphenyl ether similarly to the lower brominated diphenyl ether congeners(Ref. 10);
in the food or in the control fish provided further evidence for the debromination of BDEs.
Debromination is also shown in studies with higher vertebrates, including birds, fish and rodents(ECHA 2012a, c, UK EA 2009, ECA 2010, POPRC 2013a).
Since components of the c-OctaBDE mixture are also formed in the environment by debromination of decaBDE, a ban/restriction on the production and use of decaBDE would be an effective measure if properly enforced.
The only relevant degradation pathways identified until now are photolysis, anaerobic degradation and metabolism in biota, acting through debromination and producing other BDE which may have higher toxicity and bioaccumulation potential.
unable to reach agreement as to whether the chemical met the screening criteria pertaining to bioaccumulation but had begun to consider the matter of its debromination and transformation products.
The only relevant degradation pathways identified until now are photolysis, anaerobic degradation and metabolism in biota, acting through debromination and producing other BDE which may have higher toxicity and bioaccumulation potential.
In addition, other studies(Tomy et al. 2004, Stapleton et al. 2004) mention that biotransformation of PBDEs via debromination can lead to bioaccumulation parameters higher than expected, and a consequent biomagnification risk.
Components of c-OctaBDE are also unintentionally formed through debromination of higher substituted congeners, including commercial decabromodiphenyl ether(c-DecaBDE) which also has the potential for long range transport(UNEP, 2007b).
The POPRC has agreed that debromination is occurring in aquatic organisms, mammals, and birds and components of c-OctaBDE are produced in the environment by debromination of c-DecaBDE(UNEP, 2007b).
Existing evidence from field and laboratory studies show that debromination of decaBDE occurs in fish, birds and mammals(Environment Canada 2010 a; and references therein, ECHA 2012 a; and references therein).
These differences in congener profiles may be due to lower bioavailability to BDE-209 compared to lower-brominated congeners, debromination- and depletion of BDE-209 in marine and aquatic biota(McKinney 2011a, Huwe 2008).
Furthermore the the presence of lower brominated PBDEs in field studies can be due to both debromination of BDE-209 and as a result of direct exposure from c-pentaBDE or c-octaBDE.
Key issues are the degradation pathways and rates for the lower brominated congeners constituting the commercial mixtures of PentaBDE and OctaBDE balanced against the impacts arising from the debromination of the higher brominated PBDE(octaBDE, nonaBDE and decaBDE).
There will thus be presentations on the experiences in decision-making for risk profiles before consideration of the draft risk profiles and on reductive debromination of bromo-aromatics before consideration of the draft risk management evaluations.
The food-web biomagnification has been also demonstrated for HeptaBDE, although at a lower extend than expected from the Kow; this fact can be explained by metabolism resulting in a relatively short half-life(experimentally demonstrated and explained by the authors by debromination).