Examples of using Firm-level in English and their translations into Arabic
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Colloquial
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Political
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
Dynamic competitiveness is associated with the changing nature of competition, which places a premium not only on the relationship between costs and prices but also on firm-level ability to learn, rapidly adjust to new market conditions and innovate(where innovation is defined in the broadest terms and is not necessarily confined to radical technological innovation).
Firm-level technological development depends on external factors such as interaction with the local economic environment, which provides the human and financial resources needed for the cultivation of internal capability and essential services such as standard setting, testing, basic R & D and other forms of institutional support that enable firms to conduct in-house technical work effectively.
The main exceptions are macro-economic analyses carried out by OECD and the World Bank, firm-level analyses covering mainly European countries, OECD ' s PISA study and ICT impact perceptions data from some surveys that are harmonized internationally;
The debates on the employment impacts of these changes, especially in the United States, Japan and some countries in Western Europe, have focused on the effects of" downsizing" and" hollowing out", and have highlighted numerous examples of groups whose employment situations have been drastically altered by such firm-level changes.
technology indicators(such as patent statistics or expenditure on R & D) as exclusive STI indicators, and has encouraged the use of firm-level innovation data to better understand how innovation takes place.
The Altman's z- score is extensively used in empirical research as a measure of firm-level stability for its high correlation with the probability of default. This measure contrasts buffers(capitalization
Experts raised the question of whether African countries could successfully emulate the experiences of Malaysia, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan Province of China in ensuring that macro instability did not disrupt firm-level technological development or create binding financing constraints on successful firms,
business-related regulations will need to be consistent with sectoral and firm-level policies to develop new capacity or to achieve and maintain firm-level competitiveness.
among countries in terms of the structural characteristics of the country, the degree of development of their markets, their institutional framework, the strength of their infrastructural and human resource base, the quality of government policies, including the degree of policy autonomy, the quality of government-private sector relations and the consistency of macroeconomic, sectoral and firm-level policies from the perspective of the development of competitive enterprises.
To measure systemic stability, a number of studies attempt to aggregate firm-level stability measures(z-score and distance to default) into a system-wide evaluation of stability,
Firm-level export productivity performance indicators(e.g. increased sales, exports, market share).
In recent years, much attention has been paid to firm-level studies of ICT impacts.
Industrial policy sought to build up and deepen firm-level capabilities through vertical integration. The result was a multi-layered, pyramidal structure.
Firm-level studies are based on analysis(usually based on econometric regression models) of data at the individual firm level.
A second source of firm-level innovation is organizational change that introduces greater flexibility in the employment of both capital and labour.
Eco-efficiency is a firm-level concept grounded in business logic-- improvements in production systems are made as long as they improve a firm ' s bottom line.
The firm-level constraints to production and export discussed above highlight the challenges that must be overcome if Africa '
The importance of a coherent policy environment which links macro and micro policies, appropriately timed and sequenced, with firm-level efforts to attain and maintain competitiveness; and.
It is thought by some that firm-level training may be effective to the extent firms have the flexibility to adjust training to meet rapidly changing skill requirements.
The changing nature of competition places a premium not only on price/quality relationships but also on firm-level ability to innovate and to adapt to changing circumstances and demands.