Spanish researchers analyzed data from the PREDIMED randomized controlled trial, which included men and women aged 55-80 years old at high risk of heart disease.
In one small randomized controlled clinical trial, more than half of the 11 women with a major depressive episode who were treated with acupuncture improved significantly.30.
There have been more than 2,500 published randomized controlled exercise trials in cancer survivors since the first guidelines were put forward in 2010, an increase of 281 percent.
A 2015 meta-analysis examined the effect of alkaline potassium salts on calcium economy and bone turnover from seven short-term, metabolic cross-over studies and seven randomized controlled trials(72).
Although low dietary vitamin K intake is associated with increased fracture risk, randomized controlled trials have generally not supported a direct role for vitamin K supplementation in fracture risk reduction.
A recent review of 22 randomized controlled trials concluded that substituting 50 g/day of soy protein for animal protein lowered LDL cholesterol by only about 3%(16).
A systematic review of 17 randomized controlled trials found that iron supplementation had no effect on mental development of children under the age of 27 months but modestly improved scores of mental development in children over seven years of age(61).
A recent meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials reported a 10% reduction in stroke events with supplemental B vitamins, with greater benefits for high-risk subjects(e.g., those with kidney disease)(32).
A recent systematic review of six randomized controlled trials, including 1,009 participants, concluded that zinc supplementation was safe and efficacious in reducing opportunistic infections in adults and that more research is needed to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation in pregnant women and children(97).
To date, results of studies are conflicting, but a recent meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials(trial duration, one to 12 months) concluded that soy isoflavones, at doses of<90 mg/day, inhibit bone resorption and stimulate bone formation(76).
Based on an updated review of the literature that included four randomized controlled trials, one nested case-control study, and 26 prospective cohort studies(36), an expert panel convened by the National Osteoporosis Foundation and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology concluded that the use of supplemental calcium for generally healthy individuals was safe from a cardiovascular health standpoint when total calcium intakes did not exceed the tolerable upper intake level(UL)(37).
A 2011 randomized and controlled study's objective was to evaluate the effect of omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on the rate of muscle protein synthesis in older adults.
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