Outbreaks and sporadic cases have been reported in Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, and South Africa(in a person with a recent travel history to Zimbabwe).
There was an increase in the number of outbreaks associated with an imported food from an average of 3 per year during 1996 to 2000 to an average of 18 per year for 2009 to 2014.
Since September 2017, when the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control(NCDC) informed WHO of a confirmed case of yellow fever in Kwara State, Nigeria has been responding to successive yellow fever outbreaks over a wide geographic area.
Furthermore, peppermint oil has been a part of some preliminary studies as an antiviral agent that can reduce the chances of herpes infections and recurring outbreaks.
Politicians, government officials, when they know that they're going to get quarantined if they talk about outbreaks and cases, may conceal real information for fear of triggering a quarantine protocol.
They also declared that the education department will take proactive measures to control the spread of the outbreak by giving out face masks in schools.
Updates on the outbreak were provided by representatives of the Ministry of Health of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, the UN Ebola Emergency Response Coordinator and the WHO Secretariat.
A risk assessment that was carried out prior to the outbreak response concluded that there was a high risk of geographical spread of the two outbreak virus strains.
In the final stages of the outbreak, intensive coordination among partners and engagement of community leaders were needed to stop transmission in densely populated Montserrado County.
So far, 40.7%(159 completed the follow-up period out of a 391 contacts registered since the beginning of the outbreak) have completed the mandatory 21-day observation period.
More details regarding the outbreak in Wadi Aldwaser and the implementation of interventions by the Ministry of Health(MoH) in Saudi Arabia will be provided in the next update.
Since 7 November 2018, as part of the preparedness activities, Uganda has vaccinated health and frontline workers in areas at risk of expansion of the outbreak.
Katwa, one of the epicenters of the outbreak, reported fewer cases this week and other health zones such as Mabalako, Kalunguta and Mandima have also seen a decline in case reporting.
The literature has identified that there is inconsistent evidence supporting the use of disinfectants unless outbreaks are present McCullen 2007, Kaatz 1998, Wilcox 2006.
During the last 21 days(20 February- 12 March 2019), no new cases have been detected in 10 of the 20 health zones that have been affected during the outbreak(Figure 1).
To help reduce the risk for outbreaks of STEC O157, the public health community should continue to educate consumers regarding the proper measures to take when handling and consuming ground beef.
Since the beginning of the outbreak, cases of pneumonic and bubonic plague have been detected in 55 out of 114 districts(48%), including non-endemic areas and major cities.
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