Second resection of positive margins and/or radiation therapy may not be necessary in patients with incompletely resected hepatoblastoma whose residual tumor is microscopic and who receive subsequent chemotherapy.[48][56].
The 2005 EBCTCG meta-analysis of 42,000 women in 78 randomized treatment comparisons indicated that radiation therapy is beneficial, regardless of the number of lymph nodes involved.
Hyperfractionated radiation therapy is radiation treatment in which the total dose of radiation is divided into small doses and the treatments are given more than once a day.
Recognition of the excess risk of cardiovascular disease and secondary carcinogenesis in adult survivors who were treated for Hodgkin lymphoma during childhood led to the restriction of radiation therapy in contemporary trials.
Added text to state that in the European Registry for rhabdoid tumors series, radiation therapy was also associated with an improved survival, with a 6-year overall survival rate of 66% in irradiated patients(cited Bartelheim et al. as reference 10 and level of evidence 3iA).
Radiotherapy, as used in this disclosure, is a broad term and is intended to have its ordinary meaning, which includes, without limitation, at least any type of clinical therapy that treats a disease by delivery of energy through electromagnetic radiation.
A single-arm modification of DA-EPOCH-R(usually six cycles with filgrastim and no radiation therapy) was completed by the BFM group, in which the cumulative doxorubicin dose was kept at 360 mg/m2 and intrathecal chemotherapy was added.[75].
While radiation therapy is an integral part of the treatment of Pancoast tumors, variations in dose, treatment technique, and staging that were used in various published series make it difficult to determine its effectiveness.[49][50].
The radiotherapy used in this disclosure is a broad term and is intended to have its usual meaning including, but not limited to, at least any clinical treatment that treats the disease by energy transfer through electromagnetic radiation.
The authors reported, radiation therapy was associated with a 16 percent drop in the absolute risk of breast cancer recurring in the first decade(from 35 percent to 19 percent); it was also associated with a 4 percent drop in the absolute risk of dying from breast cancer in the first 15 years after surgery(from 25 percent to 21 percent).
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