英語 での Monopoly power の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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Concentrating wealth in the hands of a global oligarchic elite- eight families now hold as much wealth as 50 percent of the world's population- while demolishing government controls and regulations always creates massive income inequality and monopoly power, fuels political extremism and destroys democracy.
Because this Court has already found that Microsoft possesses monopoly power in the worldwide market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems(i.e., the tying product market), Findings¶¶ 18-67, the threshold element of“appreciable economic power” is a fortiori met.
The Court is nonetheless compelled to express its further conclusion that the predatory course of conduct Microsoft has pursued since June of 1995 has revived the dangerous probability that Microsoft will attain monopoly power in a second market.
Micosoft does argue that the price of Windows is a fraction of the price of an Intel-compatible PC system and lower than that of rival operating systems, but these facts are not inconsistent with the District Court's finding that Microsoft has monopoly power.
While the Apple case remains unresolved and will continue, Monday's decision ensures that iOS users will enjoy access to the courts, and that companies crafting platforms can't abuse monopoly power to extract higher returns while enjoying immunity from suits by consumers.
Whether this is because of reductions in costs(due to companies like Amazon), or rising monopoly power(due to companies like Amazon) or repetitively low wages(due to companies like Amazon)- margins are still high.”.
While Microsoft's top executives never expressly declared acquisition of monopoly power in the browser market to be the objective, they knew, or should have known, that the tactics they actually employed were likely to push Internet Explorer's share to those extreme heights.
At 84(quoting Findings of Fact p 59), the company suggests a new rule: that monopoly power in the software industry should be proven directly, that is, by examining a company's actual behavior to determine if it reveals the existence of monopoly power. .
Microsoft points to no case, and we can find none, standing for the proposition that, as to 2 liability in an equitable enforcement action, plaintiffs must present direct proof that a defendant's continued monopoly power is precisely attributable to its anticompetitive conduct.
Microsoft's argument that Mac OS should have been included in the relevant market suffers from a flaw that infects many of the company's monopoly power claims: the company fails to challenge the District Court's factual findings, or to argue that these findings do not support the court's conclusions.
The District Court implicitly accepted this approach: It agreed with plaintiffs that the events that formed the basis for the 2 monopolization claim"warrant[ed] additional liability as an illegal attempt to amass monopoly power in'the browser market.'.
Relying on this language, the plaintiffs assert that Microsoft's anticompetitive efforts to maintain its monopoly power in the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems warrant additional liability as an illegal attempt to amass monopoly power in“the browser market.”.
In sum, from 1994 to 1997 Microsoft consistently pressured IBM to reduce its support for software products that competed with Microsoft's offerings, and it used its monopoly power in the market for Intel-compatible PC operating systems to punish IBM for its refusal to cooperate.
However, it let Novell continue to try to prove that Microsoft's illegal marketing tactics with manufacturers and illegal use of its operating system monopoly power are what took WordPerfect from being the dominant word processor of the early'90s to an also-ran by 1996.
In this case, after concluding that Microsoft had monopoly power, the District Court held that Microsoft had violated 2 by engaging in a variety of exclusionary acts(not including predatory pricing), to maintain its monopoly by preventing the effective distribution and use of products that might threaten that monopoly. .
See Shelanski& Sidak, at 6-7"High profit margins might appear to be the benign and necessary recovery of legitimate investment returns in a Schumpeterian framework, but they might represent exploitation of customer lock-in and monopoly power when viewed through the lens of network economics….
But rather than our subsidising those who have lost jobs to technology, so as to spread that manna wealth that's literally dropped onto the surface of the earth at no-one's physical disadvantage, companies are using monopoly power to extort rents on the capital that is creating all that free wealth.
See Shelanski& Sidak, at 6-7(“High profit margins might appear to be the benign and necessary recovery of legitimate investment returns in a Schumpeterian framework, but they might represent exploitation of customer lock-in and monopoly power when viewed through the lens of network economics․ The issue is particularly complex because, in network industries characterized by rapid innovation, both forces may be operating and can be difficult to isolate.”).
The monopoly powers in the media must be broken.
Rothbard believed the monopoly power of government over the issuance and distribution of money was inherently destructive and unethical.