英語 での Sugar chains の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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Classes in the Department teach students about genes, proteins, sugar chains, biomembranes, organic molecules and other topics they will need to know in order to be active in the future biotechnology field.
The sialic acid-containing sugar chains play a role in functions, such as inter-cellular signal transduction and"receptors(receptor-like functions)" for binding of some substances to cells.
The role of sugar chains in various viral infections is very important and diverse, and the development of antiviral drugs targeting sugar chains is considered to have great potential.
In this way, sugar chains play a role in maintaining the cellular environment by moderating cell activity and engaging in inter-cellular recognition and reciprocal action.
The genes of ABO blood types give us a glimpse of the importance of diversity for organisms, as well as an indication that sugar chains play an important role in producing the diversity.
However, as expressed in Part 8 above, the sugar chain is the face of the cell, and researchers believe that sugar chains produce a variety of cells.
Additional Man is often trimmed in the Golgi followed by the addition of 2-4 branches composed of GlcNAc, Gal and a terminal sialic acid(Sia) to form complex-type sugar chains.
Because endo--xylosidase hydrolyzes the Xyl-Ser linkage, the binding site of the GAG sugar chain and the core protein, GAG sugar chains are especially easy to liberate intact.
An understanding of the functional roles of sugar chains in the nervous system will undoubtedly expand our knowledge on nervous system function, and sugar chains might become new targets for the treatment of pathological conditions of the nervous system.
Sugar chains contained in glycoconjugates play an important role in these vital phenomena. However, the elucidation of these sugar chains was delayed due to their markedly varied molecular structures or expression mechanisms, which are the secondary products of genetic information and controlled by unknown factors.
The antigens of ABO type blood groups are sugar chains. The base is the sugar chain of type O. The sugar chain comprised of the base with a terminal N-Acetylgalactosamine is type A and with a terminal galactose is type B. ABO type blood group genes are ones that code glycosyltransferase to link those terminal sugars. .
If the role of sugar chains in each step(Fig.1) is clarified, sugar chain-related compounds and glycosyltransferase inhibitors that specifically block these steps could be developed, ultimately leading to the development of innovative antiviral drugs with wider point of view.
In the mid twentieth century, the receptor destroying enzyme neuraminidase was found in influenza virus particles, and sialic acid(Sia)-containing sugar chains were recognized as being receptors of influenza virus 1-3.
In recent years, it has gradually been elucidated that sugar chains, one of the components of the complex carbohydrates, may be involved in various life phenomena, from the creation of life to aging. There is even greater potential for glycoscience in drug discovery today.
It has become more and more clear from the accumulation of recent research results that sugars constituting glucides(a number of sugars are typically linked together, forming sugar chains) have numerous essential functions that are associated with the foundations of life.
Viruses evade the host's immune defense systems by adding sugar chains to their spike proteins and in some cases gain easy entry into host cells by being trapped by lectins that recognize host cell sugar chains.
Sugar chains do not have a certain structure, for example, sugar chains which are branched into three branches in a cell are gradually digested by an enzyme, and sugar chains of various structures generated in the process are folded in proteins.・ It is becoming clear that it becomes a sign to determine the fate of transportation, decomposition, etc.
Very long sugar chain(glycosaminoglycan)+ protein= proteoglycan.
Development of sugar chain punification and analysis technologies and biomarker reseach.