Examples of using Pro-cyclical in English and their translations into Arabic
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Political
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Colloquial
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
In stabilizing economies and insuring successful economic recovery, it is also vital to avoid protectionist measures, trade barriers and pro-cyclical policies that can further alienate vulnerable and marginalized economies.
Existing rules tended to have pro-cyclical impact, as banks reduced credit provision and increased capital base in a downturn to absolve increased losses, which have an effect similar to monetary contraction.
hence having a pro-cyclical effect on the real domestic economy.
The tightened external payments constraint on developing countries resulting from the recent downturn in the world economy and from the pro-cyclical behaviour of financial markets raises the question of the adequacy of multilateral arrangements for the provision of official balance of payments financing.
To address pro-cyclical bias of bank risk-models and capital requirement, new rules require banks to increase capital buffers in good times to draw down in periods of stress(" counter-cyclical buffer").
In the downturns, pro-cyclical policies, such as overtightening monetary policy and indiscriminate fiscal adjustments, could lead to substantial losses in many valuable social projects,
at its current levels, is not sufficient to counter the pro-cyclical effects of weak export demand,
Large-scale expansionary market intervention marked a stark contrast with the pro-cyclical deflationary policies advised by international financial institutions and developed countries during the financial crisis in the past.
The result has been that macroeconomic policies in Africa tend to be pro-cyclical, rather than counter-cyclical as in developed countries,
At the same time, regulators could encourage banks to adopt risk management practices that take better account of changes in risk over the business cycle and result in less short-term, pro-cyclical lending strategies.
the liberalization of the financial sector at both the national and international levels had reinforced the pro-cyclical nature of financial flows and financial policies.
The growing influence of financial calculation has meant that commodity price volatility operates in an even more exaggerated pro-cyclical manner, further amplified by pro-cyclical policies, among others, which expand fiscal expenditures during the boom and reduce spending when prices are down.
Hence, the need to deepen the reforms as well as to take preventive actions- internationally and nationally- to lessen the pro-cyclical nature of private flows, improve debt management, address the problem of price fluctuations of main commodity imports and exports, and guarantee adequate levels of social protection- especially for the most vulnerable.
Paradoxically, the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank were created to stabilize world demand, but they have been the main factors in the destabilization of demand, through their adjustment programmes and so forth-- is that not true?-- and through their pro-cyclical policies.
Proposed solutions that depend upon pro-cyclical fiscal policies in developing countries, coupled with disincentives from international financial institutions and donors for countercyclical social expenditures, limit the capacity of developing and aid-dependent countries to alleviate the adverse impacts of the crises, including those on women.
What was seen even more questionable was that those institutions continued to impose pro-cyclical conditionality on the countries that asked for their financial assistance,
have changed at all, as IMF operations requiring pro-cyclical policies were still in place.
These flows have been strongly pro-cyclical.
Supervisory frameworks need to be countercyclical, not pro-cyclical.
Second, employment fluctuations have only been weakly pro-cyclical.