Examples of using Gluons in English and their translations into Vietnamese
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and the quarks and gluons behave almost like free particles.
Z particles for the weak force and the gluons for the strong force.
of the quarks and the binding energy of the gluons.
For the OZI suppressed channels, the gluons must have high q2(at least as much as the rest mass energies of the quarks into which they decay) and so the coupling constant will appear small to these gluons.
number of virtual quarks, antiquarks, and gluons which together contribute nothing to their quantum numbers.
when quarks and gluons were free to mix without combining.
exact particle positions, or quarks and gluons-- ought not to be introduced into the theory.
The"color" of quarks and gluons is completely unrelated to visual perception of color.[1] Rather, it is a whimsical name for
In 1972, shortly after the theory of quarks and gluons was formulated, the physicists Murray Gell-Mann and Harald Fritsch speculated about possible bound states of pure gluons(originally called“gluonium”, today the term“glueball” is used).
Studying the behavior of"free" quarks and gluons in this primordial quark-gluon plasma should help scientists better understand the strong force, and how it generates so much of the mass we see when the particles coalesce to form ordinary matter.
A seemingly simple event, such as two subatomic particles called gluons colliding to produce four less energetic gluons(which happens billions of times a second during collisions at the Large Hadron Collider), involves 220 diagrams, which collectively contribute thousands of terms to
The Schwarzschild radius of two colliding partons- quarks and gluons for example- at the LHC is at least fifteen orders of magnitudes below the Planck length- the smallest distance or size an object can achieve in our conventional universe.
The"color" of quarks and gluons is completely unrelated to visual perception of color.[1] Rather, it is a convenient(and somewhat whimsical)
Now that we've met quarks and gluons, what I should do is describe how they interact with the other sectors of the Standard Model: how do they
the somewhat chaotic structure of hadrons,[2] which are composed of gluons, valence quarks, sea quarks and other virtual particles, it is not even measurable how many gluons exist at a given moment inside a hadron.
very narrow resonance Υ(9.46) could be interpreted as three-jet event topologies produced by three gluons.
neutrons into their constituent quarks and gluons, the fundamental building blocks of matter.
Their work did not receive much attention, however, because at just about that time most people abandoned the original string theory of the strong force in favor of the theory based on quarks and gluons, which seemed to fit much better with observations.
ranging from super-hot balls of quarks and gluons to ultracold atoms.
in the following way: When an electron orbits the proton in the 2S state, it spends part of its time inside the proton(which is a constellation of elementary particles called quarks and gluons, with a lot of empty space).