Примеры использования Functional equivalent на Английском языке и их переводы на Русский язык
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While this creates the functional equivalent of the classic possessory pledge,
With respect to uniqueness, it was said that the functional equivalent of possession should identify the sole holder entitled to performance
The importance of defining a functional equivalent of the notion of possession of paper-based documents in order to identify the party entitled to the performance embodied
the Electronic Commerce Act(2000), according to which an"electronic data message" or an"electronic document" can be considered the functional equivalent of a written document for evidentiary purposes.
one found rules on the functional equivalent of a signature; the functional equivalent of a signed writing was therefore a writing
It was further explained that, once the functional equivalent of possession was achieved,
Article 17 sets out functional equivalents of paper documents in relation to actions listed in article 16, and the functional equivalent of transfer of rights and title to goods through communication of data messages./
Under the minimalist approach, electronic signatures are considered to be the functional equivalent of handwritten signatures,
which was aimed at identifying a functional equivalent of a signature in a paper-based context,
although it was noted that an interpretative declaration could be seen in some legal systems as the functional equivalent of"doctrine" or case-law.
Paragraph 2 sets forth that transfer of control over an electronic transferable record is the functional equivalent of delivery, i.e. transfer of possession, of a transferable document
cover those that created a security right or the functional equivalent of a security right,
would be to create a functional equivalent to an original document.")
For example, it was reported to be already possible to"time seal" computers so that an EDI functional equivalent could be available for the writing
they could avoid the requirements of article 7 as to what constituted a functional equivalent to a signature.
It was added that the notion of"control" as a functional equivalent of the paper-based notion of"possession" could identify only the person entitled to claim performance, but that identification of the object of the performance demanded a functional equivalent of the paper-based notion of"original.
intermediate users- the cost of inefficiencies is the functional equivalent of a consumption tax that reduces their welfare
defining a functional equivalent to the notion of possession would permit effective transfer of electronic transferable documents
the conditions for the data message to be regarded as the functional equivalent of"writing" under article 6 would not be fulfilled.
Therefore, it was suggested that legal standards should enable the use of electronic transferable documents by defining the general requirements for the functional equivalent of possession, while technology would implement those requirements.