If the absence of certain scientific data makes it impossible to characterise the risk, taking into account the uncertainties inherent to the evaluation, the measures taken under the precautionary principle should be comparable in nature and scope with measures already taken in equivalent areas in which all the scientific data are available.
However, when there are reasonable grounds for concern that potential hazards may affect the environment or human, animal or plant health, and when at the same time the available data preclude a detailed risk evaluation, the precautionary principle has been politically accepted as a risk management strategy in several fields.
Recently, on 28 January 2000, at the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Protocol on Biosafety concerning the safe transfer, handling and use of living modified organisms resulting from modern biotechnology confirmed the key function of the Precautionary Principle(see Annex II).
However, when there are reasonable grounds for concern that potential hazards may affect the environment or human, animal or plant health, and when at the same time the available data preclude a detailed risk evaluation, the precautionary principle has been politically accepted as a risk management strategy in several fields.
The precautionary principle is stated as follows:‘Where there are threats of serious or irreversible damage, lack of full scientific certainty shall not be used as a reason for postponing cost-effective measures to prevent environmental degradation'(Rio Declaration, 1992, Principle 15).
A national occupational safety and health culture is one in which the right to a safe and healthy working environment is respected at all levels, where Governments, employers and workers actively participate in securing a safe and healthy working environment through a system of defined rights, responsibilities and duties, and where the highest priority is accorded to the principle of prevention.
EEA also concludes:”There are many examples of the failure to use the precautionary principle in the past, which have resulted in serious and often irreversible damage to health and environments… harmful exposures can be widespread before there is both‘convincing' evidence of harm from long-term exposures, and biological understanding[mechanism] of how that harm is caused.”.
Some of the foundation's external advisors have long partnered with biotech companies: for example, Ruth Oniang'o is featured on Monsanto's website claiming that there is an urgent need for food biotechnology in Africa, and Gates Foundation potential grantee Calestous Juma has urged the G8 to put biotechnology on the agenda for for Africa and discard the application of the precautionary principle because it interferes with the development of new technologies.
予防原則。
The precautionary principle.
PCBと予防原則。
PCBs and the precautionary principle.
REACHと予防原則。
REACH and the precautionary principle.
予防原則はブリッジズ教授。
Precautionary principles, Professor Bridges.
予防原則または予防的アプローチ。
Precautionary Principle or approach.
予防原則と子どもの健康。
The Precautionary Principle and Children's Health.
の予防原則1896-2000。
The Precautionary Principle 1896- 2000.
Lt;<ドイツ環境法における予防原則。
The precautionary principle in German environmental law.
予防原則または予防的アプローチリスクマネジメント。
Precautionary principle or approach Risk management.
これは予防原則と呼ばれます。
This is called the precautionary principle.
EUの予防原則が裁判所の支持を勝ち取る。
EU's precautionary principle wins court backing.
成長促進ホルモン剤:予防原則あるいは政治的リスクアセスメント。
Hormones as growth promoters: the precautionary principle or a political risk assessment?
English
中文
عربى
Български
বাংলা
Český
Dansk
Deutsch
Ελληνικά
Español
Suomi
Français
עִברִית
हिंदी
Hrvatski
Magyar
Bahasa indonesia
Italiano
Қазақ
한국어
മലയാളം
मराठी
Bahasa malay
Nederlands
Norsk
Polski
Português
Română
Русский
Slovenský
Slovenski
Српски
Svenska
தமிழ்
తెలుగు
ไทย
Tagalog
Turkce
Українська
اردو
Tiếng việt