In this way, during the Axial Age, the great confessional faiths that have continued to guide human beings sprang up in the civilized world: Buddhism and Hinduism in India, Confucianism and Taoism in the Far East; monotheism in the Middle East; and rationalism in Europe.
Apparently the pope's primary purpose in convening the council was to obtain confirmation of the position he had taken in his Syllabus of Errors(1864), condemning a wide range of modern positions associated with the ideas of rationalism, liberalism, and materialism.
Renaissance humanism, Enlightenment rationalism, the rising power and influence of science, the breakdown of traditional structures(e.g., the family, the church, the neighborhood), the technicization of society, and the competition offered by nationalism, evolutionism, and Marxism have all contributed to what Max Weber termed the"disenchantment" of the modern world.
In the American tradition, the difference between the technocratic and the romantic, would be the difference between Thomas Jefferson's Cartesian grids spreading across the United States, that gives us basically the whole shape of every western state in the United States, as a really, truly, technocratic solution, a bowing to the-- in Jefferson's time-- current, popular philosophy of rationalism.
経済的合理主義(オーストラリア)。
Economic rationalism(Australia).
合理主義に対するモス宣言建築において。
The Manifesto of Moss Against Rationalism in Architecture.
My way of using the term'rationalism' may become a little clearer, perhaps, if we distinguish between a true rationalism and a false or a pseudo-rationalism.
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