英語 での The quantitative easing policy の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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However, the Bank made a clear commitment when it introduced the quantitative easing policy that it would continue the policy until the year-on-year rate of change in the CPI registered zero percent or higher on a sustainable basis, and market participants have been conducting transactions on this premise.
During the period of the quantitative easing policy, I referred to the increase in the channels for providing funds as"qualitative easing,"19 and it seems to me that at present particular weight is being placed on such"qualitative easing" in the conduct of monetary policy. .
Of course, the timing of terminating the quantitative easing policy crucially depends on developments in economic activity and prices. Based on the projections regarding economic activity and prices mentioned earlier, the probability of terminating the policy is likely to gradually increase over the course of fiscal 2006.
With regard to the side effects of the quantitative easing policy, a few members raised the following: an increase in moral hazard among borrowers; a decline in the functioning of the money market; a decrease in the Bank's flexibility in its conduct of monetary policy; and a weakening of fiscal discipline.
At the same time, with more market participants expecting that prices will stop declining and start rising, there is a shortening of the duration of the quantitative easing policy as expected by market participants. As a result, the policy commitment is gradually losing its influence on the formation of longer-term interest rates.
Current View on Monetary Policy Given that the effects of the quantitative easing policy on economic activity and prices now mainly result from short-term interest rates being zero, there will be no abrupt change as a result of today's policy decision.
At present, the effects of the quantitative easing policy are increasingly coinciding with the effects of short-term interest rates being at practically zero percent. Thus, a change of policy framework itself does not imply an abrupt change in terms of effects of policy. .
On March 9, the Bank of Japan(BOJ) decided to end the quantitative easing policy, to change the operating target of money market operations from the outstanding balance of current accounts at BOJ to uncollateralized overnight call rate, and to encourage it to remain at effectively zero percent.
However, that as financial institutions have managed liquidity against the backdrop of large amounts of current account balances and extensive funds-supplying operations by the Bank for a prolonged period under the quantitative easing policy, the functioning of the money market has been somewhat impaired.
The quantitative easing policy was at times criticized as being extremely risky, being likened to driving with one's eyes on the rearview mirror because the Bank relied on a price index, a lagging indicator, in conducting monetary policy. .
The Quantitative Easing Policy and the Commitment Based on the CPI I explained earlier that in pursuing monetary policy, it is important to have a benchmark index such as the CPI that measures the change in prices of goods and services purchased by consumers.
This framework underpins expectations, based on inflation projections among market participants, that the quantitative easing policy will continue for some time. As a result, market interest rates remain steady at low levels, including those with relatively longer maturities.
As I mentioned earlier, at the time the quantitative easing policy was adopted in the spring of 2001, the economy was experiencing a downturn; business was in a slump with falling prices and there was increasing concern over the stability of the financial system.
One member expressed the view that the Bank was beginning to gain the understanding of market participants and the public about reviewing the target range for the outstanding balance of current accounts on the condition that the Bank maintained the quantitative easing policy framework based on its commitment in terms of policy duration.
This member continued that, in a situation where financial markets were seeking a level that was in line with the current economic and price situation, it was important that the Bank indicate clearly that it was determined to firmly maintain the quantitative easing policy.
Monetary policy for the immediate future On the monetary policy stance for the immediate future, members agreed that it was important that the Bank maintain the quantitative easing policy, as the foundation for a gradual recovery in Japan's economy was being laid.
While providing ample funds to the money market, made a clear commitment to continue the quantitative easing policy until the year-on-year rate of change in the consumer price index(CPI; excluding fresh food, on a nationwide basis) registered zero percent or higher on a sustainable basis.
This decision is intended to enable the quantitative easing policy to be conducted more smoothly by making it possible for liquidity to be provided with a minimum of hindrance to the process of price formation and efficient allocation of funds in the financial markets.