Examples of using Epas in English and their translations into Arabic
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Colloquial
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Political
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Ecclesiastic
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Ecclesiastic
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Computer
Improvements, as appropriate, may still be made perhaps drawing on the more detailed interim EPAs such as the interim ESA-EU EPA.
African countries that have initialed EPAs and may be contemplating signing full EPAs will have to prepare for decline in revenues.
Full EPAs are yet to be negotiated for most regions in 2008/09.
In Africa, EPAs are being negotiated between EU and some negotiating groups formed specifically for that purpose.
The new system, which is called inspira, will replace several of the current human resources systems, including Galaxy, Nucleus and ePAS.
United Nations common application software(e.g., Integrated Management Information System, official document system, Galaxy, Performance Appraisal System(ePAS) etc.).
There are substantially important outstanding issues yet to be tackled in the negotiations if the EPAs are to deepen regional integration and also serve as development tools.
It is largely felt that the EPAs were signed not as an instrument for delivering development in ACP countries but out of fear
On the one hand, the EAC and ESA interim EPAs set out basic principles allowing special and differential treatment and granting of regional preferences without extending these to EU, and building the agreements
During the Lisbon Summit, held in Portugal in December 2008, the African Heads of State and Government stated clearly that EPAs in their current form are not in tandem with the development objectives of the continent.
An alternative to EPAs should be found, with the non-reciprocal principle at the centre of the trade aspect, which also does not contain the issues of services, intellectual property rights(IPRs), investment and government procurement.
It may be a plausible argument that the Cotonou Agreement continues to apply notwithstanding the modification of its trade chapters by EPAs; and therefore there shouldn ' t be any strong reason for including its principles in EPAs.
Development will continue to be a matter for further consideration in the current phase of negotiations as explicitly set out in some interim EPAs(EAC and ESA), or by virtue of negotiating additional areas with implications for development.
FURTHER REQUESTS the Member States concerned to ensure that the contentious issues in the Interim EPAs that have been identified by the AU Ministers of Trade and Finance are adequately addressed in the negotiations of full and comprehensive EPAs;
In this section, a comparative analysis of the interim EPAs signed towards the end of last year is summarized, with the aim of highlighting key areas of convergence and divergence among different agreements.
There is scope for the ACP groups to learn from each other and as appropriate harmonize provisions in key areas drawing on the important provisions in the various interim EPAs.
For example, ePAS was developed in English and French as requested by the Office of Human Resources Management,
An additional problem is the use of the so-called" development aspect" of trade agreements such as EPAs, which is used as" bait" by developed country parties to draw developing countries into the main aspects of FTAs or EPAs that are detrimental to development.
under review(in West Africa, East Africa and Southern Africa) to examine the main challenges of the ongoing negotiations and the potential implications of the EPAs on the respective subregional economies.
This may limit the potential benefit of future EPAs.