We do not recommend population screening for vitamin D deficiency in individuals who are not at risk," Dr. Holick said, but added that"vitamin D deficiency is very common in all age groups- essentially everyone is at risk."!
Although it has long been known that severe vitamin D deficiency has serious consequences for bone health, research suggests that less obvious states of vitamin D deficiency are common and increase the risk of osteoporosis and various other health problems(see Disease Prevention).
A clinical trial involving overweight African Americans with vitamin D deficiency(< 20 ng/ml) supplemented with 600, 2000, or 4000 IU/d vitamin D3 for 16 weeks found that 4000 IU/d was associated with 10% reduction in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(PWV) and an 8% reduction in carotid-radial PWV[Raed, 2017].
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