And the longest running of all, the Roux and Viarengo, all active since the late nineteenth century.
世界経済は、昨年後半以降、欧州債務問題を主因に減速に転じ、現在もなお減速局面から脱していません。
Overseas economies started decelerating since the second half of last year, mainly due to the European debt problem, and still have not emerged from a deceleration phase.
Specifically, Japanese society since the second half of the 1990s has prioritized securing employment, and it effected reductions in costs largely by cutting back wages; consequently, prices fell Chart 26.
Since the latter half of the 1990s, corporate management and employees in Japan have given priority to ensuring employment, and a decline in wages has therefore been accepted by the workers.
Since late 2007, the multilateral trading system has come under heightened pressure as the food and financial crises have given rise to new waves of protectionism.
Since the second half of the 1990s, Japan's economy experienced a downturn three times triggered by the financial system crisis, the bursting of the IT bubble, and the Lehman shock.
Internationalizing the Chinese Yuen has slowed down the speed since late in 2014, the Japanese Yen has not yet full internationalized and the Korean Won is not internationalized.
Many firms have been finding it difficult to absorb higher materials prices by increasing productivity and restraining personnel costs and thus since the second half of 2007 have begun to pass on the rise of materials prices to sales prices.
The semiconductor industry, in particular, has been burdened with excess inventories as the global supply and demand conditions deteriorated following the increase in production by chip manufacturers in East Asian countries since the latter half of 1995.
That was the weakest figure since the financial crisis, but activity picked up in March as government measures to kickstart growth, including six interest rate cuts since late 2014, seemed to help.
Let us look at Japan's growth by expenditure item. Since the latter half of 2016, the growth momentum of exports has become more pronounced in line with the recovery in overseas economies.
An Estonia-based startup called Starship Technologies, created by Skype's founders, has been testing its robots across U.S. and European cities since late 2015.
Since the latter half of the 1980s, many central banks have adopted inflation targeting-- excluding, however, the Federal Reserve, the ECB, and the Bank of Japan.
In a sense, the Gulf monarchies have worried about their long-term stability ever since late 2010, when a series of popular uprisings started upending autocratic regimes across the Middle East and North Africa.
As for price conditions in the Tankan survey, since the latter half of the 1990s, the diffusion index of output prices has been consistently lower than that of input prices.
International pressure on the ASAD regime has intensified since late 2011, as the Arab League, EU, Turkey, and the United States have expanded economic sanctions against the regime.
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