According to Kuznets's theory, income inequality would automatically decrease in advanced phases of capitalist development, regardless of economic policy choices or other differences between countries, until eventually it stabilized at an acceptable level.
As per the Standardized World Income Inequality data measured by the Gini coefficient of income inequality, India's income inequality is much higher than that of both Pakistan and Bangladesh.
If these positive changes start happening in politics and society, then the American Dream will live on, and though gradual, the income inequality will improve again, and the dynamism of the U.S. will be sustained.
Even in traditionally egalitarian countries- such as Germany, Denmark and Sweden- the income gap between rich and poor is expanding- from 5 to 1 in the 1980s to 6 to 1 today.
Within cities, which bring together high- and low-skilled jobs(“bankers and baristas”), income inequalities are typically higher than at the national scale.
Income inequality not only distorts democracy in terms of how institutions and political actors respond to different levels of income, but it may have a profound effect on the development of social capital, which affects civic engagement.
However, per capita income in China's rural areas remain at levels about one-third of that in the cities, and when considered together with the various forms of discriminatory treatment that farmers face in such areas as social welfare, the income gap between China's urban and rural areas is the largest in the world.
The Opinion pointed out that in 2013, the agricultural and rural development continued to improve and made steady progress, the grain production hit a record high, the income gap between urban and rural residents continued to shrink, the rural reform was further deepened, the rural livelihood had new improvements, and the rural society continued to be harmonious and steady.
This phenomenon is not unique to Japan: when the economic environment is relatively good, it is difficult for income disparity to become a large political/social problem, but the prolonged economic downturn since the global financial crisis(the Lehman Shock) led to a global interest regarding this problem.
所得格差は歴史的な高水準にある。
Income inequality is at historic highs.
中国の所得格差はどうなっているのか?
What is the current state of income inequality in China?
深刻な所得格差は、最大の課題の一つです。
Severe income inequality is one of the biggest challenges.
所得格差は、グローバルな解決を要する国際問題です。
Income inequality is a global problem that requires global solutions.
所得格差は、グローバルな解決を要するグローバルな問題です。
Income inequality is a global problem that requires global solutions.
国家間の所得格差は200年前、比較的小さかった。
Two-hundred years ago, cross-country differences in income were relatively small.
アメリカの所得格差は,ヨーロッパや日本よりもはるかに大きい。
Yet U.S. income inequality is far more severe than that in Europe or Japan.
幸いなことに、所得格差は国内外で減少しています。
Fortunately, income inequality has been reduced both between and within countries.
西側の所得格差は現在、ローマ帝国の崩壊を招いた水準よりも高い。
Income disparity in the West is now higher than the levels that led to the collapse of the Roman empire.
アメリカにおける所得格差は、過去数十年で急激に上昇してきた。
Income inequality in America has risen sharply in recent decades.
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