英語 での Terms of trade の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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As this shows, the emergence of China is a big blessing for the Japanese economy through the deterioration of China's own terms of trade and the improvement of Japan's.
For the public as a whole, just as in the case of a fall in oil prices, the decline in the import prices of Chinese goods means an improvement in Japan's terms of trade, and therefore an increase in real income.
According to the simplest two-goods model that considers only tradable goods, the real exchange rate and the terms of trade are equal by definition(Komiya and Morikawa, 1995).
Terms of trade undergo changes, not only due to commodity prices but also in response to the pricing power of Japanese firms through the non-price competitiveness of exports.
Declining aid and terms of trade, mounting debt, and ineffective adjustment policies have left sub-Saharan Africa(SSA) poorer than two decades ago.
By the 1980s, the United States acknowledged that repairing its terms of trade was not feasible, at least not without sacrificing other foreign policy priorities.
First, higher crude oil prices worsen China's terms of trade(relative export prices in relation to import prices) and, by extension, reduce the purchasing power of its income.
A pastoralist's terms of trade depend on two prices in particular: the price of what he can sell(his livestock) and the price of what he must buy(food).
First, in order that our terms of trade remain unchanged during the implementation period, it will need to be based on the existing structure of EU rules and regulations.”.
Later he would go somewhat overboard in his published predictions that terms of trade would move away from the industrial nations and in favor of resource rich nations like Australia.
As a result, the relative price of labor-intensive products to capital- and technology-intensive products will rise, and, in turn, China's terms of trade will improve.
The reason is that the fall in energy prices will lead to a rise in corporate profits and households' purchasing power; that is, Japan's terms of trade improve.
It should also be noted that, the appreciation of the yen, from a longer-term perspective, has the positive effect of bringing about an improvement of the terms of trade through a decline in import prices, that is, it leads to an increase in Japan's overall real income.
Like the strong yen once experienced by Japan, the strong yuan will increase the purchasing power of the Chinese people through improved terms of trade(relative prices of exports to imports) and, in turn, will contribute to the expansion of domestic demand and the correction of external imbalances.
Therefore, even when the terms of trade at a macroeconomic level improve due to the yen's appreciation, if a higher yen causes major manufacturers to have lower profits and depress the rate of wage increases, such a rate for non-manufacturers also tends to be depressed accordingly.
For example, when import prices rise, this may push up the inflation rate, but such an increase in inflation is not accompanied by an improvement in the economy because the terms of trade will deteriorate and real income of households and firms will fall.
First, in international trade, these changes will alter the relative prices of products and, in turn, the terms of trade(the relative price of exports to imports) of countries involved through changes in China's export and import structures.
As such, his win should marginally reduce Japan's demand for fossil fuels in the years to come which will be good for the country's terms of trade but less positive for global oil and natural gas demand.
Japan's terms of trade have been deteriorating in recent years, mainly due to the rise in commodity prices against the background of high growth in emerging economies. Trade gains/losses-- in other words, real purchasing power arising from changes in the terms of trade-- have thus been on a declining trend Chart 5.
In the 1960s and 1970s, Rwanda's prudent financial policies, coupled with generous external aid and relatively favorable terms of trade, resulted in sustained growth in per capita income and low inflation rates.