The evidence is current to September 2018. Key resultsTwo studies found that a type of COCP, containing estradiol valerate and dienogest, reduced HMB and improved quality of life and haemoglobin levels when compared with placebo, but at the expense of some minor side effects.
Some of these trials found that phytoestrogen treatments alleviated the frequency and severity of hot flushes and night sweats when compared with placebo, but many trials were small and were determined to be at high risk of bias.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of 432 patients failed to show improvement in dyspnea or anxiety with the nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic drug buspirone compared with placebo in cancer patients who had moderate to severe dyspnea, although the dose of 20 mg was relatively low;
A randomized double blind placebo controlled trial found that supplementation of 300mg of a water extract of guduchi 3 times per day for 8 weeks significantly reduced allergy symptoms compared with placebo(13).
A 2015 Cochrane review of 12 studies involving 774 participants found that melatonin compared to placebo, given as premedication, reduced preoperative anxiety(measured 50 to 100 minutes after administration) and may reduce postoperative anxiety(6 hours after surgery).
QPI-1002 had similar rates of adverse events compared to placebo, with the most common events occurring in both treatment groups being those typically seen following cardiovascular surgery including pleural effusions, respiratory and infectious complications.
Moderate quality evidence indicates that compared to placebo, tramadol alone or in combination with acetaminophen probably has no important benefit on mean pain or function in people with osteoarthritis, although slightly more people in the tramadol group report an important improvement(defined as 20% or more).
The infants in the probiotics group were given different types of probiotics, and in different doses, and compared to infants who were given a placebo(dummy medicine). The review found that, compared to placebo, probiotics made little or no difference to the occurrence of infantile colic, but appeared to reduce crying time.
Based on data from two randomized controlled trials that compared garlic to placebo in patients with hypertension it appears that garlic may have some blood pressure lowering effect, as compared to placebo but the evidence currently available is insufficient to determine whether garlic provides a therapeutic advantage versus placebo in terms of reducing the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
A randomized placebo-controlled trial of 432 patients failed to show improvement in dyspnea or anxiety with the nonbenzodiazepine anxiolytic drug buspirone compared with placebo in cancer patients who had moderate to severe dyspnea, although the dose of 20 mg was relatively low;[44][Level of evidence: I] buspirone cannot be recommended at this time for the treatment of dyspnea in cancer patients.
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