英語 での Deleveraging の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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In my December 2008 column, I argued that the only practical way to shorten the coming period of painful deleveraging and slow growth would be a sustained burst of moderate inflation, say, 4 to 6 percent for several years.
Against the background of sharp deterioration in the economic outlook and overseas investors' deleveraging, stock prices plunged, which led to a decline in the risk-taking capacity of domestic investors. This widened credit spreads in CP and corporate bond markets.
Regarding China's economic upswing, the data shows that China's economy has clearly decelerated due to the trade war and corporate deleveraging efforts, but it continues to grow at quite a sturdy pace, especially by global standards.
And if this is indeed the beginning of the end of Japan's long recession, it will also be the beginning of the end of Richard Koo's thesis that monetary policy is powerless in a balance sheet recession, and that only fiscal policy can offset private sector deleveraging.
While such debt reduction, in other words, deleveraging, is a rational response from the perspective of individual households and firms, if they restrain spending simultaneously in large numbers, this could cause a decline in aggregate demand and a fall in income and profits, which provide the necessary resources for deleveraging.
On the fiscal front, targeted interventions such as government-sponsored programs to help restructure private debt and public support for financial sector restructuring can be very effective in reducing the output losses generally associated with private debt deleveraging.
Nonetheless, in order to evaluate the impact of the Eurozone problem on the global economy, it is necessary to assess whether and to what extent European banks intensify their deleveraging overseas, given the various pressures they face within their home jurisdictions.
Nevertheless, aggregated across emerging economies, such actions had the effect of reducing funding liquidity at banks of advanced economies. When this prompted more deleveraging by the banks, it resulted in further capital outflows from emerging market economies-- the"fallacy of composition.
Maintaining price stability and financial system stability are important goals of central banks, but central banks are not able to solve all problems, especially in an economy characterized by zero interest rates and deleveraging.
If asset prices become volatile again due to an economic downturn, U.S. and European banks would have incentives to reduce leverage to avoid bankruptcy-- deleveraging pressures-- because higher leverage means higher bankruptcy risk.
S&P said:"We think the Belgian government's capacity to prevent an increase in general government debt, which we consider to be already at high levels, is being constrained by rapid private-sector deleveraging both in Belgium and among many of Belgium's key trading partners.".
Put simply, until the early 2000s, the main challenge consisted of dealing with the instability of the financial system and deleveraging in the banking sector brought about by the collapse of the asset bubble, and of resolving the so-called"three excesses" in the corporate sector, consisting of excess debt, excess capacity, and excess employment.
The long-awaited deleveraging process has not yet set in motion: the global debt stock has continued to increase during the year and in September 2017 stood at 233 thousand billion dollars(+ 7,4% compared to the end of 2016), of which 61 thousand in the emerging countries and 172 thousand in the advanced.
As Paul McCulley of Pimco, the bond investor, put it in a recent essay titled“The Paradox of Deleveraging,” lately just about every financial institution has been trying to reduce its leverage but the plunge in asset values has nonetheless left these institutions with more debt relative to their assets than before.
For example, Chinese authorities have been implementing stimulus measures that focus on such factors as tax cuts this time around while taking account of the balance between stimulating economic activity and deleveraging, based on the recognition that large-scale infrastructure investment after the global financial crisis subsequently led to the problems of excess production capacity and excess debt.
It's uncertain whether the high levels of corporate debt in emerging nations will naturally enter a correction phase and lead to a deleveraging that weakens the economies of emerging nations, or whether falling prices of corporate bonds issued in foreign currencies will end up playing a central role in major adjustments to the global economy and financial markets.
There are structural factors behind this issue, but their root causes are country or region specific, and they thus differ from one another. In the case of Europe, the short-term depressing impact of fiscal austerity measures and deleveraging of the banking sector-- exacerbated by the fear premium-- make it difficult to promote bank lending at present.
In that case,"deleveraging" would see a lot of people lose their homes and security.
Another scenario is that the likely consolidation of power creates opportunities for significant policy pivots, including major SOE reforms and forced deleveraging.
Conclusion During the first half of 2018, China had been implementing"structural deleveraging" and attempting to lower the debt ratio while implementing its institutional reforms.