Voorbeelden van het gebruik van Dominant undertaking in het Engels en hun vertalingen in het Nederlands
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Colloquial
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Official
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Ecclesiastic
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Medicine
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Financial
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Computer
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Ecclesiastic
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Official/political
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Programming
On the one hand it confirms that a dominant undertaking must respect the principle of proportionality whenever,
the likely reactions of the allegedly dominant undertaking and other competitors,
The management of a dominant undertaking whose decisionmaking centre is located in a Member State of the Community
CaseT-201/04: Microsoft Corp. v Commission of the European Communities Competition-Abuse of dominant position- Client PC operating systems-Work group server operating systems- Streaming media players- Decision finding infringements of Article 82 EC- Refusal of the dominant undertaking to supply and authorise the use of interoperability information- Supply by the dominant undertaking of its client PC operating system conditional on the simultaneous acquisition of its media player- Remedies- Appointment of an independent monitoring trustee- Fine-Determination of the amount- Proportionality.
Such direct evidence may be helpful in interpreting the dominant undertaking's conduct.
Where available, the Commission will use information on the costs of the dominant undertaking itself.
Bundling” usually refers to the way products are offered and priced by the dominant undertaking.
Also, competitors may be tempted to free ride on investments made by the dominant undertaking instead of investing themselves.
Through its abusive behaviour the dominant undertaking can signal to its competitors that it will discipline attempts to engage in real competition.
Consequently a dominant undertaking may not invoke its legal form to apply rebates restricting or preventing market entry by new competitors.
proportionate must be determined on the basis of factors external to the dominant undertaking.
Likewise, it is not necessary for there to be actual refusal on the part of a dominant undertaking;"constructive refusal" is sufficient.
It is less likely that the dominant undertaking predates if the conduct concerns a low price applied generally for a long period of time.
likely to enter or stay in the market if the dominant undertaking forecloses a significant part of the relevant market.
In this regard, the Commission will normally make an assessment of whether competitors could effectively duplicate the input produced by the dominant undertaking in the foreseeable future58.
Tele2's access rights were therefore conferred on it by Community law in so far as they flow from the specific obligations imposed on the dominant undertaking under Community law.
A dominant undertaking may do so either by demonstrating that its conduct is objectively necessary
For the purposes of applying this article, the terms'dominant undertaking' and'subsidiary' in Articles 10 to 13 shall be replaced by the terms'undertaking' and'establishment.
According to Tele2, that is because the rights which a competitor of the dominant undertaking has in respect of that undertaking depend directly on the result of that market analysis.
bundling is to protect the dominant undertaking's position in the tying market,