Voorbeelden van het gebruik van Stripped in het Engels en hun vertalingen in het Nederlands
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He was stripped of his title by an administrative procedure.
Stripped mag… what?
Stabbed and stripped. Unidentified victim.
rusted, stripped and damaged screws.
He was stripped of command.
It's been stripped.
Xvideos Stripped down, tied and fucked08:00.
They stripped her. They beat her, they raped her.
I was stripped and tied to a metal chair.
He was stripped of his Victoria Cross for meritorious service.
He was stripped, cleansed, glabrous.
He was stripped, cleansed, glabrous.
She was unlawfully stripped of her rights.
But this room's been stripped.
rusted, stripped or damaged screws.
And she then stripped you?
We stripped the negro slave, to frighten the Indians.
Asian teen is stripped and oiled up for fingering
That you have stripped me… I know… more than naked.
Unidentified victim. Stabbed and stripped.