Examples of using Flexibilities in English and their translations into Chinese
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Political
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Ecclesiastic
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Programming
The report focuses in particular on the right to health and demonstrates ways in which the flexibilities in WTO rules can be used to promote and protect human rights.
All flexibilities in the various WTO agreements should be fully exploited when trade and industrial policy are designed.
It is important to explore the possibilities of improving flexibilities in intellectual property rights regimes for countries at different levels of development.
Gradual liberalization could be pursued in this domain by developing countries using the flexibilities provided under GATS for setting regulatory conditions.
Other key issues include the treatment of unbound tariffs, ad valorem equivalents, flexibilities for developing countries, participation in sectoral negotiations and trade preferences.
Similarly, Asia-Pacific least developed countries plan to use the flexibilities provided in the TRIPS Agreement to facilitate the adoption of environmentally sound technologies.
There have been ongoing efforts to strengthen the safeguards and flexibilities contained in the global intellectual property regime, notably through parallel import arrangements and compulsory licensing.
The full use of TRIPS flexibilities can help countries meet their obligations to protect, promote and fulfil the right to health by improving access to affordable medicines.
Some of these proposals link the depth of cut to be made by developing countries to options to use other flexibilities, e.g. the deeper they cut, the greater the flexibility in binding coverage and levels.
The process is complex, and often leads to deeper and more stringent commitments than for existing WTO members, reducing acceding countries' policy flexibilities.
Similarly, lack of capacity coupled with external pressures from developed countries has made it difficult for developing countries and LDCs to use TRIPS flexibilities to promote access to medicines.
(c) The intellectual property system' s rules, the way rights such as patents or trademarks are obtained and managed, the way policy options and flexibilities are applied.
Coalescing the numerous bilateral and subregional trading arrangements of the region into a broader regional trading and economic cooperation arrangement with built-in safeguards and flexibilities for poorer countries;
They should enjoy additional flexibilities that may be necessary to implementing policies directed towards human capital formation and to developing national capacities for technological learning and innovation.
The flexibilities that the GATS provided for developing countries and LDCs were considered a balancing element for the liberalization of services trade and in making progress in the services negotiations.
Existing flexibilities should be fully utilized. UNCTAD should carry out studies on that theme and serve as a platform for the exchange of knowledge and experiences between countries.
They stressed the need to reassess the IIA system, with a view to ensuring that it contained sufficient flexibilities and safeguards to respond to the financial crisis.
Steps should be taken to ensure that bilateral trade agreements do not diminish the availability of generic drugs or the willingness of countries to use flexibilities that are available under international rules.
The programme also worked closely with 32 African countries to build capacity to adapt trade-related intellectual property rights flexibilities and safeguards to ensure access to anti-retroviral drugs.
For the developing world the issue is one of access to such technologies at affordable prices, which will entail finding a solution that utilizes flexibilities in the intellectual property rights regime.