英語 での Aggregate demand の使用例とその 日本語 への翻訳
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If firms use profits obtained through wage cuts to build up internal funds rather than for investment, aggregate demand in the economy will shrink.
On the other hand, if a decline in fiscal expenditures continues, it would work to reduce aggregate demand.
According to macroeconomics textbooks, a fall in aggregate demand causes a recession in which output drops below potential output- the normal level of production given the economy's resources and technology.
Today, a deficiency of aggregate demand afflicts almost all advanced countries, leading to high unemployment, lower wages, greater inequality, and- coming full, vicious circle- constrained consumption.
It is puzzling that, although the policies to stimulate aggregate demand narrowed the supply and demand gap faster than expected and improved the labor market, GDP growth remains as slow as it was before Abenomics.
It added that the moves are"underestimating the Chinese government's ability to deepen supply-side structural reform and appropriately expand aggregate demand.".
Changes in aggregate demand, whether anticipated or unanticipated, have their greatest short-run effect on real output and employment, not on prices.
These three channels may lead to an expansion of aggregate demand, an improvement in the output gap, and a rise in medium- to long-term inflation expectations, thereby raising the rate of price changes.
Through these three channels, an expansion of aggregate demand, an improvement in the output gap, and a rise in medium- to long-term inflation expectations are likely to take place, thereby raising the rate of actual price changes.
Meanwhile, emerging and commodity-exporting economies will likely continue to lack growth momentum for the time being, especially in those economies that are restraining aggregate demand, such as by raising interest rates.
However, inflation pressures seem likely to moderate over time, reflecting contained inflation expectations and the cumulative effects of monetary policy actions and other factors restraining aggregate demand.
Thus, housing investment and firms' business fixed investment will stagnate and aggregate demand will become compressed, thereby resulting in a vicious cycle of recession and price declines Chart 3.
Also, basic problems of the Japanese economy are not likely to be the lack of aggregate demand but the scarcity of profitable private investment opportunities.
However, if, at the same time, aggregate demand increases in a sustainable manner, the aggregate demand curve shifts to the right, thereby increasing upward pressure on prices.
However, they should be able to support various initiatives as the Bank's conduct of monetary policy stimulates aggregate demand and suitably tight supply-demand conditions are maintained.
As the money wage and the money price fall, aggregate demand rises and full employment is restored, even if government takes no corrective action.
In particular, globalisation appears to have stalled since the crisis, aggregate demand is strengthening, and output gaps have closed or are generally close to zero in most major countries.
But John Maynard Keynes pointed out that surpluses lead to weak global aggregate demand- countries running surpluses exert a"negative externality" on trading partners.
The first role of monetary policy is to stimulate aggregate demand through bold monetary easing, close the negative output gap, and return the economy to a path toward achieving potential growth.
In macroeconomics, aggregate demand(AD) or domestic final demand(DFD) is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.